Ethnographic peculiarities of Smorgon District
Ўжо хата новая гатова,
Прыбраны трэскі ўжо і дровы;
Над белым дахам, як карова,
Красуе комінак чырвоны;
Прыветна вокны пазіраюць,
Бы вас у госці запрашаюць,_
Ну, добры выгляд хата мае,
Яна і цешыць, здавальняе.
Я.Колас. Новая зямля
A valuable source for studying of our heritage is the numerous ethnographic exhibits displayed in our ethnographic corner. They provide an excellent opportunity to learn about the rich history of Smorgon District. Craftsmen of 24 specialties have lived and worked in Smorgon. Their products and tools are exhibited. The most common occupations were: tanning (leather processing), blacksmithing, pottery, furniture, shoes and clothes making. Men mainly made tools and household items, women tried to decorate the house and make it cozy. They wove blankets and rugs, embroidered various towels, pillows, paintings.
БАНДАРСТВА
Dezha (KP 326).
Cooper product. A conical wooden tub for making dough; made of separate boards (coopers, rivets), fastened with metal hoops.
Dimensions: 27 cm x 37 cm x 32 cm.
Donated to the museum by Boris Parshin, a school student, on October 30,1998.
Garnets (KP 320).
Cooper article. Garnets is a unit for measuring the volume of bulk solids (grain, cereals, flou...); volume - 4 liters. It is made of separate boards (rivets, coopers), fastened with wooden rims; a handle is attached to one of the rivets.
Used in the farm of the village of Mikhnevichi, Smorgon region, 1920s.
Dimensions: 23 cm x 17 cm x 13 cm.
Donated to the museum by L.N. Rogach, a History teacher of Secondary school №4, on October 25, 1998.
Butter Churn Maker (KP 1050).
Cooper product for churning butter; a narrow high tub of rivets (coopers) with a lid, in the middle of which there is a hole for a beater (beater); the upper end of the beat goes outside, a crosspiece (striking part) is attached to the lower end.
Used in the farm of the village of Kozenyaty, Smorgon region, 1930s.
Dimensions: 41 cm x 20 cm x 15 cm.
Donated to the museum by L.N. Rogach, head of the Gymnasium museum, on September 17, 2005
Mortar (KP 651).
A mortar is a device for processing grain, seeds, etc. It is made of a single piece of wood with a wide conical depression. Grain was poured into the mortar and ground with a pestle (pestle length 33 cm).
The mortar dimensions: 21 cm x 12 cm x 11 cm.
Donated to the museum by V.V. Prikhach, principal of the Gmnasium, on May 8, 2002.
Pestle (KP 402).
Wooden device for grinding grain in a mortar. Carved from a single piece of wood 80 cm long; in the center there is a recess for the handle.
Donated to the museum by T.K. Musskaya, head of the museum, on February 11,1999.
Wooden spoons (KP 330).
Wooden spoons are tableware items.
Donated to the museum by Alena Syavris, a student of secondary school No. 4, on November 1, 1998.
ГАНЧАРНЫЯ ВЫРАБЫ
Pitchers (KP 405).
Glazed ceramics. Tall vessels with convex sides, a narrowed throat, a spout and a handle.
Used in peasant farms in the village of Krevo, Smorgon region, 1950-60s.
Donated to the museum by L.N. Rogach, a teacher of Secondary school №4, on February 17, 1999.
Gladysh (krinka - local dialect) (KP 501).
A tall unpolished earthenware vessel with convex sides and a narrowed neck, without a handle or spout.
Donated by Elena Kozhushok, a Gymnasium student, on November 8, 2000.
Glyack (Jar) (KP 407).
Glazed ceramics. A spherical vessel with a narrow neck, drain (spout) and one handle (the handle is broken off).
Donated to the museum by I.P. Rogach, a graduate from secondary school No. 4, on February 20, 1999.
Makotra (makoter, makitra is a local dialect) (KP 1321).
Glazed red ceramics. A poppy grinding dish, 16 cm high.
A product of the pottery workshop in the village of Krevo, Smorgon region, 1970.
Donated to the museum by Igor Kaminsky, a graduate from the Gymnasium on December 24, 2014.
Sloik (glass jar) (KP 515).
Glazed ceramics. A high vessel with convex sides and a wide neck, 26 cm high. Decorated with engobe painting. The throat is damaged.
Donated to the museum by Dmitry Demskoy, a student of the gymnasium, on February 12, 2001.
Bowl (KP 433).
Glazed ceramics. A bowl-shaped tableware with a rim, 10 cm high; decorated with painted enamel inside.
Donated by T.K. Musskaya, head of the museum, on April 15, 1999.
ГАРБАРЫ. Прылады працы
The tools of a tanner: scythe (scraper) (KP 1174), plow (KP 1334), hook (KP 1175).
A scythe (scraper) was used to clean the fur and flesh (flesh - the lower fleshy surface of the skin) after soaking the skin.
The leather was crumpled with a hook before glossing it.
The flesh was removed with a plow from the skin, which had dried up after lubrication with fat.
Used by tanners (family of I.M.Shurpo) in the village of Voinidenyaty, Smorgon region in the 1960s-70s.
Donated to the museum by T.E. Rogach, deputy director of the Gymnasium, a granddaughter of I.M. Shurpo, on September 21, 2007 and April 23, 2015.
ПЛЯЦЕННЕ
Sevalki (KP 332, KP 516, KP 517).
Sevalka - a box woven of straw bundles; the bundles were intertwined with thin ropes or tree roots; used for manual seed planting.
Donated to the museum by Alena Syavris, a student of Scondary school №4, on November 1, 1998.
Donated to the museum by Dmitry Demskiy, a Gymnasium student , on February 12, 2001.
Box (KP 1371).
A box of straw bundles, arranged in a spiral and intertwined with vine bark; has the shape of a jug; height 40 cm
Was used for storing food (Oshmyanydistrict, early 20th century).
Donated to the museum by V.V. Prikhach, a Gymnasium teacher, on February 24, 2017.
Birch bark box (KP 316).
Made of birch bark strips by a dense checkerboard weaving.
Donated to the museum by Irina Rogach, a graduate from Secondary school №4, on October 21, 1998.
Straw hat (brill) (KP 982).
Summer men's hat of the early twentieth century.
Donated to the museum by Vladimir Sapach, a resident of Smorgon on September 7, 2004.
ВЫШЫВАНКІ І ТКАЦТВА
Woven bed blankets
(KP 1141, KP 1295, KP 1339, KP 1389).
A bed blanket is a rectangular woven product with a multi-colored ornament, which was used to cover beds and sofas.
KP 1141 - a bed blanket (2m x 1.5m), woven by Olga Vienskaya, a resident of Smorgon, in 1956.
Donated to the museum by Irina Shutovich, a Gymnasium student, on October 10, 2006.
KP 1295 - bed blanket (2m x 1.5m) woven by M.I. Rutkovskaya in the 1930s (v. Vasilevichi, Smorgon district).
Donated to the museum by E.V. Rutkovskaya, a primary school teacher, on November 15, 2011.
KP 1339 - a bed blanket (3.5 mx 2.5 m), woven by Teresa Adamovna Dmukhovskaya in 1960 (the village of Muravannaya Oshmyanka, Oshmyany district).
Donated to the museum by V.V. Prikhach, a Gymnasium teacher, on September 22, 2015.
KP 1389 - a bed blanket (2m x 1.5m), woven by Maria Mikhailovna Polunosik in 1939 (Khamichi village, Dyatlovo district).
Donated to the museum by a veteran of pedagogical work V.I. Patsevich, a daughter of M.M. Polunosik, on March 22, 2018.
KP 1309 - woven linen towel with crocheted lace (2 mx 0.4 m).
Used in the 1960s in the household of Stepanova Stefania Stanislavovna (Lozovka village, Smorgon district).
Donated to the museum S.S. Stepanova, a veteran of labor, on March 25, 2014.
KP 1377 - woven linen towel, with colored stripes, decorated with lace (3m x 0.4m).
Used to decorate icons in the Dmukhovskys’ house (village Boruny, Oshmyany region).
Donated to the museum T.A. Dmukhovskaya, a veteran of labor, on March 16, 2017.
Tablecloths (KP 684, KP 1238, KP 1311).
A tablecloth is a woven product made of one or two sewn pieces of fabric, which is used to cover the table.
KP 684 - woven tablecloth, two pieces of fabric are connected by an openwork strip (x).
Donated to the museum by V.V. Prikhach, headmaster of the Gymnasium,
September 23, 2003.
KP 1238 - embroidered tablecloth (x).
Donated to the museum by M.E. Laikovskaya, a Gymnasium teacher, on November 24, 2009.
Podzornik (KP 1177).
A podzornik is a piece of white cloth that was used to decorate a bed.
KP 1177 - a cross stitch podzornik.
Donated to the museum by N.I. Lutskaya, a craftswoman, on October 11, 2007.
Pillow covers (KP 519).
Pillow covers. Decorated with machine embroidery - cutwork.
Donated to the museum by Irina Shutovich, a Gymnasium student ,on February 15, 2001.
Embroidery "Cats" (KP 358).
An embroidery (46 cm x 39 cm) is edged with fabric; used to decorate a room.
Donated to the museum by Dina Boreiko, a student of Secondary school No. 4 on November 19, 1998.
Embroidery "Lilies" (KP 497).
Satin stitch embroidery on the canvas (46cm x 32cm); used to decorate a room.
Donated to the museum by Anna Sergei, a student of Smorgon Gymnasium, on October, 2000.
Embroidery "Roses" (KP 1341).
Cross stitch (50cm x 60cm).
Embroidered by Galina Vladimirovna Eskevich in 1955; used to decorate a room.
Donated to the museum by O.I. Romanenko, a daughter of G.V. Eskevich, on November 4, 2015.
Embroidered path (KP 356).
A stitch-embroidered path on the canvas; decorated along the edge with hemstitch (146cm x 28cm).
Donated to the museum by Dina Boreiko, a student of Secondary school No. 4, on November 17, 1998.
Embroidered rug (KP 914).
A cross stitch rug embroidered by Lyudmila Iosifovna Rimsha in 1930 (80 cm x 32 cm).
Donated to the museum by Mikhail Shilko, a grandson of L.I. Rimsha, on December 20, 2003.
Embroidered painting "Boy with a Dog" (KP 986).
The cross-stitched picture is placed in a wooden frame (46cm x 57cm).
It was a decoration in the house of Vladimir Ivanovich Ruban (village Mikhnevichi, Smorgon district).
Donated to the museum by Igor Kaminsky, a student of the Gymnasium, on 09.09.2004.
Napkins (KP 459, KP 899, KP 998, KP 1913).
Napkins are decorative items for interior decoration.
KP 459 – a linen napkin, square (26 cm x 26 cm), with embroidery, decorated with hemstitch along the edges.
Donated to the museum by A.M. Bumay, a local ethnographer, October 5,1999.
KP 899, KP 998 - napkins made of linen and cotton threads, crocheted by Stanislava Petrovna Rogach in the 1930s.
Donated to the museum by Igor Kaminskiy, a student of the Gymnasium, on November 6, 2003 and October 9, 2004.
KP 1013 – a machine-embroidered napkin - cutwork.
Donated to the museum by A.A. Pitolenko, a Gymnasium teacher, on November 27, 2004.
Embroidered pillowcase (KP 1181).
The pillowcase was embroidered by Ada Dmitrievna Kazakova in 1935.
Donated to the museum by A.D. Kazakova, a resident of Smorgon, on October 11, 2007.
Carpet "Deer" (KP 354).
A handmade carpet "Deer" on linen fabric (120 cm x 60 cm) was made by Klavdiya Ivanovna Ruban in the 1940s (Mikhnevichi village, Smorgon region).
Donated to the museum by Alla Rogach, a graduate from Secondary school # 4, on November16,1998.
Irons (KP 327, KP 656, KP 679, KP 1052).
Charcoal irons (zhalyazka- dialect) were used to iron clothes before electric irons appeared. Irons were charcoal or wind, all-metal, all-metal with replaceable liners.
They have a shape roughly similar to the modern irons used today, but with a hollow interior that could be filled with smouldering coals taken from the fire to keep the iron hot. When the iron cooled down people blew through the holes or swung the iron from side to side to relight the fire.
Charcoal iron (KP 656).
Charcoal iron; hot coals were poured from above; there were holes on the side of the case to provide traction.
Donated to the museum by V.P. Sergeantov, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, on September 2,2002.
Charcoal steam pressing iron (KP 679).
Charcoal steam pressing iron; consists of a body (filled with coals), a handle and a pipe for steam outlet.
Donated to the museum by Ekaterina Yermalkovich, a student at the Gmnasium , on May 6, 2003.
Iron (KP 327).
An all-metal iron with a replaceable insert, which was heated and placed inside the iron body; the top of the case is decorated with a pattern. The handle is wooden, curly.
Donated to the museum by Alena Syavris, a student of Secondary School №4, on October 30, 1998.
Cast iron iron (KP 1052).
Cast Iron Sad Iron, solid cast. Used since 1900 in the village of Sivitsa, Smorgon District.
Donated to the museum by Vladimir Bandarovich, a resident of the village of Sivitsa, on Sptember 18, 2005.
ЛЯМПЫ ГАЗАВЫЯ
Kerosene table lamp (KP 874).
A table lamp for room lighting; there is a container for a flammable liquid, a wick, lamp glass.
Donated to the museum by students of the Nashchadki club after their visit to the village of Kushlyany, Smorgon District, on September 28, 2003.
Kerosene lamp (KP 911).
A kerosene lamp, pendant, with a lyre and a shade; was used at the beginning of the twentieth century in the Rai family in the village of Sosnovka, Smorgon District.
Donated to the museum by Ekaterina Yermalkovich, a student at the Gymnasium, a granddaughter of G.M. Rai, on November 18, 2003.
A kerosene lamp in a metal case (lantern) (KP 343, KP 1312).
Lantern - a portable lighting device that was used mainly outdoors or in utility rooms. As a source of light, it had a wick protected by a glass chimney or globe, which was surrounded by a metal frame with a handle. It used kerosene as a fuel.
KP 343 - Donated to the museum by A.M. Bumay, a local ethnographer, on November 5, 1998.
KP 1312 - Donated to the museum by G.F. Skaskevich, a Gymnasium teacher, a resident of the village of Osinovka, Smorgon District, where the lantern was used, on March 27,2014.
Railway lanterns (KP 344, KP 444, KP 875, KP 977, KP 1011)
Railway lantern for back-up lighting of vestibules and carriages (KP 344).
The metal body, into which the candle is inserted, there is a hood on top.
Lantern dimensions: 38.5 x 15 x 13 cm.
Donated to the museum by A.M. Bumay, a local ethnographer, on November 5, 1998.
Railway trackman lanterns (KP 444, KP 977).
Lanterns were used by railway workers when bypassing the railway in the dark period of the day.
The metal body (triangular or quadrangular), into which the candle is inserted, has a hood on top; an iron handle is attached to the body.
KP 444 - Donated to the museum by Ekaterina Yermalkovich, a student at the Gymnasium, on September 2,1999.
KP 977 - Donated to the museum by Karina Avdevich, a student at the Gymnasium, on May 27, 2004.
Railroad track light, signal, tricolor (KP 875).
The lantern was used as a signaling device to show the position on the railway with the help of multi-colored filters (red, green, yellow).
Donated to the museum by T.K. Musskaya, head of the gymnasium museum, on September 29, 2003.
Railway lantern (KP 1011).
Used at Zalesye station of Smorgon District.
Donated to the museum by V.V. Sapach, a resident of the village of Mikhnevichi, Smorgon District, on November 15, 2004.
Flax break (myalka, tyornitsa) (KP 315).
The flax brake - a device for manual processing of flax used to crush the outer shell of the plant; horizontal, double-slotted. The brake has two sets of horizontal wooden “blades” that are slammed down on the plant to loosen the outside layer.
Used in the village of Mikhnevichi, Smorgon District.
Donated to the museum by Irina Rogach, a graduate from Secondary School №4, on October 21, 1998.
Spinning wheel and distaff, spindle (KP 339, KP 323, KP 311).
Kolovorot - a spinning wheel, a device for mechanical spinning of flax, wool at home.
A distaff - a wooden spade-shaped device designed to hold the unspun fibers , keeping them untangled and thus easing the spinning process. It was most commonly used to hold flax and wool.
The spindle - a wooden conical device with a pointed top and a thickened bottom for hand spinning of linen and wool.
KP 339 - Donated to the museum by Alena Syavris, a student at the Gymnasium,
on February19,2001.
KP 323 - Donated to the museum by T.K.Muskaya, head of the Gymnasium museum, on November 3,1998 .
KP 311 - Donated to the museum by Irina Shutovich ,a student at the Gymnasium, on January 15, 2001.
Skein winder (KP 321).
The skein winder is a device for winding and unwinding skeins of yarn. Wooden bar cross for free fixing on the axle.
Donated by Sergey Shaputko, a student at Secondary School № 4, on October 25,1998.
Washing beetle (KP 318).
Flat wooden block with a handle was used to beat cloth during the wash.
Donated to the museum by Sergey Shaputko, a student at Secondary School №4 October 25, 1998.
Ironing Board and round stick (KP 314, KP 317).
Wooden ironing devices for woven fabrics. The product was wound on a round stick and rolled out with a board which had a handle and a corrugated surface.
Donated to the museum by Irina Rogach, a graduate from Secondary School №4, on October 20,1998.
Scales (KP 1167).
A device for measuring body weight (weighing) by the action of its gravity. 1901.
Used in the household by Alexander Ivanovich Zhabinsky, a resident of the town of Smorgon.
Donated to the museum by I.A. Obushka, a Gymnasium teacher, a daughter of A.I. Zhabinsky, on May 19,2007.
Bezmen (Steelyard Balance Scale) (KP 342).
Steelyard Balance Scale - hand lever scales. Metal rod 25 cm long with a constant weight (kettlebell) at one end and a hook to hold the weight at the other. On the rod there is a scale and a movable loop (missing).
Donated to the museum by A.M. Bumay, a local ethnographer, on November 4, 1998.
Sharkhuny (KP 458).
Self-sounding musical instrument. A set of hollow balls with a shot (meal) inside, with slits on the sides and lugs at the top. A leather belt was worn around the horse's neck.
Donated to the museum by A.M. Bumay, a local ethnographer, on September 5, 1999.
Sofa (KP 476).
A sofa is a piece of furniture; wide seat with round armrests and carved backrest.
Made in the 1890s by the grandfather of Sergei Gakuts, a graduate from Secondary School No. 4.
Donated to the museum by the family of S.Z. Gakuts, a teacher of Smorgon boarding school, on April10, 2000.
Batman beetle (lackey beetle, leka - dialect) (KP 981).
Insect-inspired Boot Jack. The boot jack allows you to take off your boots without touching them with your hands. The simplest device that aids in removal of a person’s boots that do not have fasteners: boots, high boots, low shoes ... It has a U-shaped notch on one side of a wooden board, into which the "heel" and the heel of the shoe are inserted.
It owes its name to the widespread form in the shape of a beetle with a large mustache, as well as to the name of the servant who was with an official or an officer - a batman.
Donated to the museum by V.P. Murylev, a resident of Smorgon, on June 2, 2004.
Box (KP 379).
Homemade wooden box decorated with carvings.
Dimensions: 18 x 12 x 6.5.
Donated to the museum by I.V. Shubrina, a teacher at Secondary School No. 4, on January 11, 1999.
Wood Carving "Peasant" (KP 222).
Volumetric wooden sculpture.
The work of the folk craftsman Sergei Vladimirovich Suliy.
The height of the sculpture is 88 cm.
Donated to the museum by the craftsman himself , on May 13, 1997.
Fly Catcher (KP 449).
A glass vessel in the form of a spherical flask with a short narrow neck and a funnel-shaped opening at the bottom. Syrup, kvass, or any other bait that attracted flies was poured into the depression around it. The neck was tightly closed with a stopper. The flies entered the fly trap through the hole at the bottom, but could not get back out. The fly catcher was cleaned through the upper hole.
Donated to the museum by by T.K. Musskaya, head of the Gymnasium museum, on September 4, 1999.
A gramophone - is a mechanical device for playing gramophone records, a portable version of a gramophone. A small horn is built into the body, the device itself is arranged in the form of a suitcase; carried in a fastened form by a special handle.
Donated to the museum by E.I. Ruban, a resident of the village of Mikhnevichi, Smorgon District, on November 7, 1998.